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NAD+
What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell. It carries electrons between reactions in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which makes it one of the most studied molecules in mitochondrial and metabolic research.
Beyond energy production, NAD+ is the required substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7) and PARP enzymes, which researchers study in models of DNA repair, gene regulation and cellular ageing. Laboratory studies have shown NAD+ levels decline with age in several tissues, so it is widely used to investigate how cells maintain energy balance and repair over time.
NAD+ vs NMN and NR: nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are precursors that cells convert into NAD+. Researchers studying NAD+ directly, rather than its biosynthesis pathway, use NAD+ itself.
NAD+ is not a peptide. It is a dinucleotide made of two nucleotides joined by their phosphate groups, one carrying adenine and the other nicotinamide. It is often researched alongside mitochondrial-derived peptides such as MOTS-c.
How to reconstitute NAD+: NAD+ is supplied as a lyophilised powder. A 500mg vial reconstituted with 5ml of bacteriostatic water gives 100mg/ml; a 1000mg vial with 10ml gives the same strength. Add the water slowly down the side of the vial and swirl gently rather than shaking. Reconstituted NAD+ is light sensitive and less stable than most peptides, so keep it refrigerated and use it within 14 days.
Available in 500mg and 1000mg vials. Each batch of NAD+ powder is tested for HPLC purity and identity, and the certificate of analysis for your exact batch is downloadable from this page before you order. When buying NAD+ from any UK supplier, check that a batch-specific COA is available.
Supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
NAD+ reconstitution reference
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. The table shows the concentration and syringe volume produced by common dilutions of a 10mg vial, for reference when preparing research stock solutions.
Storage & handling
Frequently asked questions
What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme present in every living cell. It carries electrons in the reactions that produce cellular energy and is the substrate for sirtuin and PARP enzymes, making it one of the most studied molecules in metabolic and mitochondrial research.
Is NAD+ a peptide?
No. NAD+ is a dinucleotide — two nucleotides joined by their phosphate groups — not a chain of amino acids. It is often researched alongside peptides such as MOTS-c, which is why peptide suppliers stock it.
What is the difference between NAD+ and NMN?
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are precursors that cells convert into NAD+. Researchers studying NAD+ itself, rather than how cells make it, use NAD+ directly.
